Each question below consists of a related pair of words or phrases, followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that BEST expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. :RA :Q 1. SURGEON:SKILLFUL:: (a) bravery:medal (b) gun:target (c) marksman:steady (d) physician:medicine (e) marksman:accuracy :RCC 1. SURGEON:SKILLFUL:: (c) marksman:steady In the given pair of words note that skillful is a word descriptive of a surgeon. Think: a surgeon is skillful. The correct answer must portray the same kind of relationship. Bravery is not a medal, nor a gun a target, nor a physician, medicine (a physician prescribes medicine). :RA Answer (c) does carry through the pattern indicated in the given pair of words because a marksman is steady. (c) is the only answer in which both words agree in part of speech. Answer (e) is faulty in form. If the adjective "accurate" were substituted for "accuracy" this choice would be acceptable. :RA :Q 2. FACTORY:PRODUCT:: (a) germ:disease (b) machine:coat (c) kiln:bricks (d) train:speed (e) cobbler:shoes :RCC 2. FACTORY:PRODUCT:: (c) kiln:bricks Factory and product are in a PLACE:WHERE relationship. A factory is a place where a product is made. Note that the second word, product, is a general term. Review each possible answer. In (a) germ:disease, note that germ creates disease. Since this pair of words does not carry out a place:where relationship, it is the wrong choice. The same fault applies to answers (b), (d) and (e). :RA :Q 3. COWARDLY:COURAGE:: (a) ingenuous:craftiness (b) ingenious:skill (c) skeptical:honesty (d) aggressive:intrepidity (e) meticulous:system :RCA 3. COWARDLY:COURAGE:: (a) ingenuous:craftiness A cowardly person lacks courage. As you review each possible answer ask yourself if the answer expresses the same relationship. An ingenuous person lacks craftiness. This choice expresses the same relationship as the given pair. An ingenious person possesses skill. A skeptical person does not necessarily lack honesty. An aggressive person probably possesses intrepidity or courage; in any case it cannot be said for certain that he lacks intrepidity. Finally, a meticulous person is one who makes use of the system. :RA :Q 4. SATIATE:FOOD:: (a) drought:water (b) dearth:goods (c) deluge:water (d) eating:gluttony (e) goods:glut :RCC 4. SATIATE:FOOD:: (c) deluge:water Satiate refers to a surplus of food. To be satiated is to have too much food, as to be deluged is to have too much water. Note answer (d) is incorrect because the terms are in the reverse order and in the wrong form. Answer (e) is eliminated because it is in the reverse order. If (e) were glut:goods, it would be acceptable. WATCH THE ORDER OF THE WORDS. :RA Answer (b) is incorrect because the thought pattern is erroneous -- a dearth is a scarcity of goods. Answer (a) drought:water is incorrect for the same reason. :RA :Q 5. HOLOCAUST:DESTRUCTION:: (a) explosion:danger (b) danger:riot (c) volcano:deluge (d) explosion:debris (e) debris:ruin :RCD 5. HOLOCAUST:DESTRUCTION:: (d) explosion:debris A holocaust causes destruction. An explosion causes debris. Note that in (b), danger may cause a riot but does not necessarily do so. In (c), a volcano clearly does not cause a deluge; in (e), debris is ruin, not the cause of ruin. :RA :Q 6. VERACITY:TRUE:: (a) circumspection:afraid (b) acrimony:bland (c) prevarication:honest (d) sloth:punctilious (e) precision:exact :RCE 6. VERACITY:TRUE:: (e) precision:exact Veracity is the state of being true. Precision is the state of being exact. Circumspection is not the state of being afraid: a circumspect person is cautious. Acrimony is the state of being caustic, or sharp in speech. Prevarication is the act of lying. Sloth means lazy, not punctilious. :RA :Q 7. PHILOSOPHER:TRUTH:: (a) cynic:idealism (b) scientist:logic (c) psychologist:motives (d) artist: aesthetics (e) philatelist:hobby :RCD 7. PHILOSOPHER:TRUTH:: (d) artist: aesthetics A philosopher is primarily concerned with the truth. An artist is primarily concerned with aesthetics (the investigation of beauty). :RA There are several other relationships in this group, but none are analogous to the given pair. To be sure, a psychologist is concerned, among many other things, with human motives. But the overall area of his concern is the general science which concerns the mind. :RA A philatelist is concerned with the collection and study of postage stamps, perhaps as a hobby, but he is not concerned with a hobby as such. A cynic is a person who believes that all human conduct is motivated by self-interest; thus, he rejects idealism. A scientist makes use of logic, but he is primarily concerned not with logic but with the laws of nature. :RA :Q 8. FRUGAL:ECONOMICAL:: (a) cantankerous:illogical (b) pugnacious:offensive (c) sacrilegious:reverential (d) affable:civil (e) guileful:naive :RCD 8. FRUGAL:ECONOMICAL:: (d) affable:civil A frugal person is economical. An affable person is civil. A cantankerous person is ill-natured or quarrelsome; he may or may not be illogical. A pugnacious person is usually offensive, but the two words do not have the same meaning. There are many ways of causing offense to other people; being pugnacious is just one of these. The relationship therefore is not the same as frugal:economical, where the two words are virtually interchangeable. :RA A sacrilegious person is the reverse of reverential. A guileful person is one who is cunning. He is anything but naive, which means simple or unaffected. :RA :Q 9. AFFLUENCE:DESTITUTION:: (a) hostility:enmity (b) antipathy:sympathetic (c) benison:curse (d) slaughter:carnage (e) disparagement:castigation :RCC 9. AFFLUENCE:DESTITUTION:: (c) benison:curse Affluence or wealth is the opposite of destitution or poverty. Benison or blessing is the opposite of curse. Note that although sympathetic in answer (b) is opposite in meaning to antipathy, it is wrong in form since the second word is an adjective and the given word pattern calls for a noun. An answer which is analogous both in meaning and in grammatical form is preferable to one which is analogous only in meaning. Answers (d) and (e) contain synonyms rather than the required antonyms. :RA :Q 10. PRONG:FORK:: (a) headlight:lamp (b) cylinder:motor (c) knife:edge (d) illustration:book (e) fence:house :RCB 10. PRONG:FORK:: (b) cylinder:motor A prong is a part of a fork; a cylinder is a part of a motor. Note that headlight is a lamp--not part of a lamp. Answer (c) is in reverse order. To be correct, it would have to read edge:knife. In answer (d), an illustration may be, but is not always, part of a book. A fence is a barrier enclosing a house, not part of a house. :ET :ET
